Plant physiological processes differ in their response to heat stress from one phenological. Kinetin and spermine mediated induction of salt tolerance. Issr, genetic variability, synthetic wheats, phenotypic traits, heat tolerance. Fungal endophytes enhance wheat heat and drought tolerance. Biplot yield analysis of heattolerant spring wheat genotypes triticum aestivum l. Terminal drought and heat stress alter physiological and. These postflowering heat events significantly reduce wheat yields with a relatively greater impact on grain size than grain number. Heat tolerance evaluation of wheat triticum aestivum l. Rice is cultivated globally as a staple food and almost 40% of worlds population depends on rice. Therefore, heat tolerance in wheat is likely to become a key trait for increased yield potential and yield stability in southern europe in the future. Heat tolerant metabolism was reported to be indicated. Along with the global climate change, the occurrences of extreme weather events such as heat and drought stresses have significantly increased, in terms of frequency, extent and duration field et al. C at the time of grain filling is one of the major causes of yield reduction in wheat in many parts of the world, especially in tropical countries.
Heat tolerance is a complex phenomenon thus difficult to assess. The frequency of heat shocks during grain filling of wheat crops across the australian wheatbelt has significantly increased over the last 30 years. Heat priming induces transgenerational tolerance to high. Wheat triticum aestivum represents about 30% of the worlds cereal area, with over 220 million ha cultivated worldwide, often under abiotic stress. A field experiment was conducted with six wheat varieties halna, hd 2733, nw 1014, k 9006, raj 44 and pbw 343 for detection of genetic variability for heat tolerance traits in wheat during rabi. First steps to understand heat tolerance of temperate. Heat andor drought stress during cultivation are likely to affect the processing quality of durum wheat triticum turgidum l. Genomewide analysis of the hsp101clpb gene family for. Selection for heat tolerance in bread wheat triticum. Sorry, your gluten sensitivity is actually a fructan. Assessing heat stress tolerance and genetic diversity among exotic and indian wheat genotypes using simple sequence repeats and agrophysiological traits volume 15 issue 3 k. Millions of people voluntarily avoid gluten, a protein found in wheat based foods like bread, cereal and pasta. Abstract the antagonistic effects of kinetin and spermine on stress imposed by seawater on leaf area, pigment, hill reaction, 14co2 fixation and chloroplast ultrastructure of wheat flag leaf were investigated.
Though, physiological and biochemical screening techniques, as a complement to empirical methods could increase selection efficiency, securing heat tolerance genes that may be lost during empirical selection reynolds et al. Nature of heterosis in grain production by the sorghum panicle. High temperature stress tolerance in wheat genotypes. Basics of cold tolerance and winter survival in winter wheat. Coronatine enhanced heat tolerance in wheat, resulting in leaves showing greener phenotype and high relative leaf water content. We would ultimately evaluate the populations for repeatable tests capable of discriminating among.
Drought stress had a predominant effect over heat stress. Evaluation of screening techniques for heat tolerance in wheat. Heat stress effects on grain dry mass and quality were studied in spring wheat genotypes triticum aestivum l. Many selection criteria based on morphophysiological traits were reported to be associated with performance under heat stress in wheat. The sagit funded project involves using a controlled environment assay that is run at roseworthy, to identify and quantify the level of heat stress tolerance in current varieties, advanced breeders lines and exotic lines, as well as using gene mapping, to genetically dissect and understand the key sources of tolerance identified to date. Drought and heat constrain wheat yields in many wheat growing regions of the world and their combined effect can cause severe yield losses toreti et al. Bacterial treatment improved heat stress management of wheat. Molecular approaches for designing heat tolerant wheat. Microsatellite variation and recombination rate in the human genome. In nature or crop fields, water is often the most limiting factor for plant growth. Cell membrane thermostability cms is considered to be one of the major selection indices of drought tolerance in cereals. This work examined the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on grain yield and quality parameters of nine durum wheat varieties, grown during two years 200809 and 200910.
However, an extra 12% of people report digestive symptoms after eating glutencontaining. A comprehensive understanding of the traits and loci conferring drought and heat tolerance will be therefore critical for future crop production in terms of climate change and climate. Assessing genetic variation for heat tolerance in synthetic. Esten m, hays d 2005 eqtl mapping heat tolerance during reproductive development in wheat triticum aestivum. Since the beginning of the century, ambient temperatures have increased and are predicted to rise further under climate change.
This research was conducted to investigate the membrane stability assay measured by two different methods, namely mts and relative injury ri. Improving heat tolerance in wheat is major goal for wheat breeder and morphophysiological traits in plants are affected by heat stress n achit et al. Small grains have adapted to cool temperatures beyond leaf tolerance to frost. Germplasm evaluation of heat tolerance in bread wheat in tel. Heat tolerance for yield and its components in different wheat cultivars. Vikas gupta, chandra nath mishra and satish kumar indian institute of wheat and barley research, karnal2001 haryana wheat is the second most important winter cereal after rice. Genomewide analysis of the hsp101clpb gene family for heat. Result and discussion proline heat stress imposed at anthesis significantly increased proline concentration in leaves of most of the wheat genotypes with respect to their control table1. We further place this knowledge in the context of breeding for new, more tolerant varieties and discuss opportunities and constraints. Enhanced heat tolerance of viralinfected aphids leads to.
Economic importance and taxonomy of the wheat wheat triticum aestivum l. To investigate if rhizosphere bacteria can improve heat tolerance of wheat. Wheat triticum aestivum seeds of the cultivars olivin and sids1 were treated with bacillus amyloliquefaciens ucmb51 or azospirillum brasilense no40 and young seedlings tested for management of short term heat stress. However, wheat yield fluctuates largely due to abiotic stress. Qtl mapping of terminal heat tolerance in hexaploid wheat. Developing heat tolerant cultivars has become a principal breeding goal in the southern and central great plain areas of the usa. Mishra and others published breeding for heat tolerance in wheat find, read and cite all the research you. Heat stress along with low water availability at reproductive stage terminal growth phase of wheat crop is major contributing factor towards less wheat production in tropics and subtropics.
Heat shock protein 101 hsp101, the homolog of caseinolytic protease b clpb proteins, has functional conservation across species to play roles in heat acclimation and plant development. This paper reports on three experiments evaluating 49 entries of the th high temperature wheat yield trial htwyt from the international centre for maize and wheat improvement distributed in 2014, with fang 60 as the local check, at two locations. Proceedings free fulltext increasing heat tolerance. Breeding for plant heat tolerance at vegetative and.
Heat stress effect of heat stress on the photosynthetic. If plants do not receive adequate rainfall or irrigation, the resulting dehydration stress can reduce growth more than all other environmental stresses combined drought can be defined as the absence of rainfall or irrigation for a period of time sufficient to deplete soil. Usually the soil temperature does not drop as low as the air temperature and the below soil plant parts are protected. In this chapter, the evects of high temperature on cotton plant as a whole, including important physiological, growth and. Regulatory role of proline in heat stress tolerance. Genotypes based on some potential heat tolerance indicators 1sami ullah khan, 2jalaluddin, 1ali raza gurmani, 1abdul qayyum and 1hakim khan 1department of agriculture, university of haripur, khyber pakhtunkhwa. Heat stress due to increased temperature is a very important problem globally. Genomewide identification and abiotic stressresponsive. This study aimed to elucidate the abiotic stressresponsive pattern of tahsfs and identify candidates for genetic improvement of abiotic tolerance in this species.
Considering global climate change, incidence of combined drought and heat stress is likely to increase. Heat stress is a rigorous threat, particularly during reproductive and grainfilling phases, that results into yield loss. Pdf breeding for heat tolerance in wheat nabin bhusal. The experiment was conducted during winter of 2014 and 2015 at the research farm. Plant cold tolerance is at a maximum and low temperature damage to winter wheat is improbable. Pdf physiological traits for improving heat tolerance in. Physiological traits for improving heat tolerance in wheat. However, limited is known about biochemical response of flag leaf to combined and. Irrigation of wheat plants by seawater at 25% caused marked decrease in leaf area, pigment content, hill activity and photosynthetic efficiency of wheat flag leaf at ear emergence. The ultimate effect is on plant growth as well as development and reduced yield and quality. According to survey 2003, total area for rice cultivation of rice is 153. Download fulltext pdf cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and heat tolerance in wheat1 article pdf available in crop science 211 january 1981 with 2,451 reads. Novel alleles for combined drought and heat stress. Professor and chair molecular and environmental plant.
Heat tolerance, heat stress susceptibility index, spring wheat nificant yield reduction. Therefore, a wheat cultivar that is resistant to heat stress is vital to wheat production in north china. From the results it is apparent that the antioxidant defence mechanism plays an important role in the heat stress tolerance of wheat genotypes. Frost tolerance % survival of wheat, barley and oats. Abiotic stresses due to environmental factors could adversely affect the growth and development of crops. In this study, we focused on the unconventional splicing of wheat tabzip60 and obtained evidence that spliced tabzip60 contributes to heat tolerance by regulating a set of er stressrelated genes, including atbzip60. Pdf since the beginning of the century, ambient temperatures have increased and are predicted to rise further under climate change. We assessed heat tolerance and measured chlorophyll content in 12 cultivars of winter wheat at flowering stage during exposure to 16dlong heat. Flag leaf plays a pivotal role in assimilate partitioning and stress tolerance of wheat during terminal growth phase. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling. This study identified potential heat tolerant wild tetraploid wheat germplasm and qtl conditioning heat tolerance that can be incorporated into wheat breeding programs to improve cultivated common and durum wheat. Mass screening using staygreen character may be done for heat tolerance of wheat genotypes.
Feb, 2016 heat tolerance seems to be polygenic, which might explain why the genetic basis of heat stress tolerance in plants is poorly understood wahid et al. Physiological traits associated with heat tolerance in bread wheat. The tested consortium of endophytes has the potential to improve wheat adaptation to heat and drought. Many studies have reported variation in the tolerance to hightemperature stress among genotypes of wheat alkhatib and paulsen 1984, wardlaw et al. The individual variance analysis for the stressfree condition showed. Recent data shows that thylakoid membrane stability is highly associated with the heat tolerance capacity of wheat. High temperature heat stress during grain filling is a major problem in most of the wheat growing areas. Mts is determined by measuring of electirical conductivity of aquause phase in which leaf tissue exposure to high temperature. Breeding wheat for high temperature tolerance authorstream. It is the most important staple food of about two billion people 36% of the world population.
Traits associated with high temperature tolerance can be used to develop heat tolerant cultivars in wheat. The spad value indicates chlorophyll level in the flag leaves, coronatine pretreated leaves were 7. Improved heat stress tolerance of wheat seedlings by. Selection for yield with heat tolerance is difficult in large breeding programmes with thousands of segregating lines. Assessing heat stress tolerance and genetic diversity among. Physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance are relatively well understood, further studies. Heat stress is the continual rise in temperature for a longer period of time affecting plant growth and productivity fahad et al. Northern blot showed a significant increase in the apxmrna level under heat stress at the vegetative and anthesis stages, and the expression was greater in c 306.
Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grainfilling phases. Evaluating a heattolerant wheat germplasm in a heat stress. Qtl mapping of terminal heat tolerance in hexaploid wheat t. Breeding for heat tolerance in wheat biotech articles. The capacity of endophytes to increase wheat tolerance for abiotic stress and to improved germination in endophyte. Plant materials, growth conditions, and stress treatments. Heat tolerance screening studies and evaluating salicylic. Present genotypes are found to be ideal candidates to be used in developing heat tolerant wheat varieties. Downscaling, heat stress, ideotype design, impact assessment, larswg weather generator, sirius wheat model. Pdf breeding for heat tolerance in wheat sindhu sareen. Has a slightly higher heat requirement and a slightly longer growing season than other small grains. Unconventional splicing of wheat tabzip60 confers heat.
This work examined the effects of drought and heat stress conditions on grain yield and quality parameters of nine durum wheat. Lavett genotype 1, selected for temperate growing conditions and two cimmyt cultivars, ciano79 genotype 2 and attila genotype 3, respectively heat sensitive and heat tolerant varieties for warm environments. Among the abiotic stresses, drought and heat stress are two critical threats to crop growth and sustainable agriculture worldwide. It implies that genetic basis of heat tolerance in synthetic wheat lines was different, therefore enabling wheat breeders to combine these diverse sources of genetic variability to improve heat tolerance in their breeding program. There is a need for heat tolerant wheat cultivars adapted to the. During crop season 20092010 and 20102011, a total of 112. To identify quantitative trait loci qtl for heat tolerance under terminal heat stress, a set of 148 recombinant inbred lines was developed by crossing a heattolerant hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum l. Evaluating a heattolerant wheat germplasm in a heat. Mishra and others published breeding for heat tolerance in wheat find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. With continual rise in temperature and global warming there is a need to develop heattolerant plants to protect food production and ensure crop safety. To determine the range of genetic variability for heat tolerance in 56 spring wheat lines. This study identified potential heattolerant wild tetraploid wheat germplasm and qtl conditioning heat tolerance that can be incorporated into wheat breeding programs to improve cultivated common and durum wheat. Pdf analysis of heat stress tolerance in winter wheat.
Three cultivars were chosen with respect to heat tolerance. Pdf cell membrane stability as a measure of drought and. Membrane thermal stability mts can be a significant selection criterion for heat stress tolerance. Therefore, in this context, selection for cell membrane thermostability was performed under heat stress in two f 2 bread wheat populations. In order to improve knowledge about thermotolerance at the genetic level, many efforts have been made to identify quantitative trait loci qtl. Membrane thermostability and field performance article pdf available in crop science 306 january 1990 with 242 reads. Wheat is hypersensitive to heat stress, particularly at the early grain filling and reproductive stages, significantly limiting wheat production. Biplot yield analysis of heattolerant spring wheat genotypes.
This study aimed to elucidate the abiotic stressresponsive pattern of tahsfs and identify candidates for genetic improvement of abiotic tolerance in. Those with a wheat allergy, celiac disease about 1% of the population and certain other autoimmune conditions get very sick if they eat it. Winterhardiness cold tolerance rye wheat barley oats. The growing point in small grains is located below the soil level until the jointing stage of growth. Field experiments for evaluating heat tolerancerelated physiological traits were conducted. Coronatine preserved the green phenotype of wheat leaves under heat stress fig. A controlled environment study was conducted to assess the impact of postflowering heat shocks on wheat. Minimum growth some winter wheat will grow at temps as low as 38 f. Correlation and heat susceptibility index analysis for. Mapping qtl for the traits associated with heat tolerance in. Heat stress, a regular risk to wheat in the subtropics, is a growing threat in other wheat producing regions as the global temperature rises. Characterization of heat tolerance in wheat cultivars and effects on.
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